Vanessa Troiani's research focuses on understanding the transdiagnostic phenotypic architecture of brain disorders, with particular emphasis on vision and reward‑processing pathways. Her laboratory applies neuroscience methods to large‑scale data, including electronic health record data mining, and develops scalable neurobiological assessments such as pupillometry and brain imaging–derived features to study transdiagnostic phenotypes. Her work includes developing and harmonizing biomarker pipelines for brain imaging, visual assessment, and individual‑difference phenotyping across diverse populations. Overall, her research aims to improve patient diagnosis and treatment by advancing biological understanding across clinically relevant domains.